Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okusha kanye nemvelo yesimo sezulu kanye nenhlabathi, inqubo yokukha, inqubo yokupakisha, uhlelo lokupakisha kanye nokujikeleza kanye nemvelo yokuthutha (izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, imingcele yokusebenza ye-cushioning pad kanye nokupakishwa kwezinto zokuhamba, amathuluzi okujikeleza, ibanga lomgwaqo, imvamisa yokudlidliza), inqubo yokuthengisa nezinye izici zonke zihlobene.Phakathi kwazo, ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha nezisombululo zihamba kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokudla okusha, futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozweni kokudla.Ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha - ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obuguquliwe bungene kancane kancane emkhakheni wombono womphakathi.
IniI-MAP?
Ukupakishwa komkhathi oguquliwe: shintsha ukwakheka kwegesi ngaphakathi kwephakeji ngokufaka igesi esikhundleni, okungukuthi, ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa inkomba yokuhlushwa yegesi emkhathini wangaphakathi noma ukhiphe igesi ethile, ukuze ukudla okungaphakathi kuhluke ekubunjweni komoya. (umoya ngokuyisisekelo isilinganiso sokubunjwa: i-nitrogen 78%, i-oxygen 21%, i-carbon dioxide 0.031%, igesi engavamile 0.939%, amanye amagesi nokungcola 0.03%) imvelo, ngokuvimbela kanye nokwenza buthaka ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali noma amakhemikhali e-biochemical ekudleni ukuze ukufeza ukusha kokudla Nokwelula impilo yeshalofu, izingxenye zegesi ngaphakathi kwesitsha sokupakisha ngokuvamile zihlanganisa eyodwa kuya kwezintathu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye inqubo yokupakisha evame ukusetshenziswa ekudleni okusha - ubuchwepheshe bokufaka i-vacuum bubizwa nangokuthi i-decompression packaging.Ngomqondo omncane, ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum akukona okwegatsha lokupakishwa kwe-atmosphere eshintshiwe, kodwa kungokwesigaba sobuchwepheshe bokupakisha obuphathekayo, futhi sekube uhlelo oluzimele olunokujula nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe.Ngemva kokukhipha umoya esitsheni sokupakisha, ingaphakathi lesiqukathi lifinyelela izinga le-vacuum esethiwe, bese isitsha sivaliwe.Kodwa ngombono obanzi, ukupakishwa kwe-atmosphere eguquliwe kuhlanganisa nokufaka i-vacuum.
Amagesi amathathu asetshenziswa kakhulu ekupakishweni komkhathi oguquliwe
Okokuqala, izindlela zokwahlulela ukuthi ukudla okusha kusha noma konakele ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa "ukubona, ukuzwa nokubuza".Bheka: bheka umbala nokubukeka kokudla;iphunga: iphunga iphunga lokudla;buza: buza mayelana nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokudla;ukusika: thinta ukudla ukuze wahlulele ubuqotho bakho.Lezi zindlela zivela kakhulu ezigabeni zokuthengisa nokulethwa kokudla okusha, okungukuthi, ukuhlonza abantu.Ngokuphathelene nobuchwepheshe bokupakisha obushintshile, amagesi ashintshayo angaphakathi ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa i-carbon dioxide, i-carbon monoxide, i-oxygen, i-nitrogen, i-sulphur dioxide, kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo ekhona ibonisa ukuthi enye i-argon ingakhethwa ngenani elifanele kumikhiqizo ethile emisha.Nokho, amagesi amathathu asetshenziswa kakhulu esikhundleni sokudla okusha asekhona: i-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo nesikhutha.Ukugxiliswa kwesilinganiso esithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhlangene, kanye nemisebenzi ezingxenyeni zokuthathu konke kuzoshintsha nezici zomzimba zokudla okusha kanye nezizathu ezingabangela ukuwohloka.
Umoya-mpilo.Ngokuvamile, umoya-mpilo uhlobene eduze nokuphefumula.Ukuba khona komoyampilo ekupakishweni kwe-atmosphere eguquliwe kusho ukukhishwa kwe-oxidation kokudla kanye nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-microorganisms ama-aerobic, okuyizinto ezingalungile zokonakala kokudla futhi okufanele zikhishwe ezingxenyeni zegesi.Umsebenzi wamanzi U-Aw wokudla wethulwa lapha.Umsebenzi wamanzi ukala ama-molecule wamanzi amahhala ekudleni, okuyizinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuze zisinde futhi zikhiqize kabusha amagciwane nama-microorganisms.Imbangela yokonakaliswa kokudla ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukusabela kwe-enzymatic, nokukhula kwamagciwane kanye nokuzala okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwawo.Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela umsebenzi wamanzi kuzolawula ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokudla.Ngokudla okunomsebenzi wamanzi ngaphansi kwe-0.88, i-deoxygenation ingandisa kakhulu impilo yeshalofu;kanye nokudla okusha okunomsebenzi wamanzi amaningi, i-deoxygenation nayo idlala indima ethile ekulondolozeni ubusha.Nokho, umoya-mpilo ungenye indaba ekudleni kwenkukhu okusha.
In i-carbon dioxidemodified atmosphere packaging technology, carbon dioxide iyigesi ebalulekile esetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukudla.Inomphumela oqinile wokuvimbela isikhunta nama-enzyme, futhi inomphumela "onobuthi" kubhaktheriya ye-aerobic, kodwa inemiphumela emibi ku-yeast kanye ne-aspergillus ebomvu.Sithatha i-Cladomyces, i-Aspergillus, i-Penicillium softening, ne-Aspergillus njengezibonelo, lapho ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide kufinyelela cishe ku-10%, izinga lokuzala kokuthathu kokuqala libonisa ukuthambekela okucacile kokwehla;Izinga lokuzala kwe-Aspergillus lalingaphansi kuka-5%, kuyilapho inani lokuthambekela kwe-Aspergillus lehliswa kakhulu ngemva kokuba ukugxilisa ingqondo kufinyelele ku-10%, futhi umthelela wokuvinjelwa wokugxila ezingeni layo lokuzala wawunomkhawulo.
I-nitrogen.I-nitrogen ngokwayo ayinawo umthelela ovimbela ukukhula kwama-microorganisms kunoma yikuphi ukudla okusha ekufakweni kwe-atmosphere eguquliwe, okungukuthi, ayinayo imisebenzi efana nokugcinwa okusha kanye ne-antisepsis, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ayinabungozi ekudleni ngokwayo futhi ngeke isheshise. izinga layo lokuwohloka.Umsebenzi we-nitrogen lapha uboniswa ngamaphuzu amabili: 1) ukunciphisa ngokugcwele umoya-mpilo osele ezingxenyeni zegesi ngaphakathi kwephakheji.2) Ukhonkolo "Umthetho weDuPont": uma i-carbon dioxide imuncwa kalula umswakama namafutha ekudleni bese iphakheji ithambile futhi igoqe, i-nitrogen ingasetshenziswa njengesigcwalisi ukwenza iphakheji yokuthengisa evaliwe ibonakale igcwele, ibe yinhle futhi iqonde. Ngokubanzi, ukuze ihehe ukunaka kwabathengi ngokushesha enqubweni yokuthengisa, ikhiqize isifiso sokuthenga, futhi izuze umphumela wokukhuthaza ukuthengisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamaphuzu ambalwa ongawengeza: 1) Akunakwenzeka ukufeza indawo engenawo umoya-mpilo ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwephakheji.2) Umthelela we-carbon dioxide ekulondolozeni ukudla okusha unomkhawulo.3) Ngakho-ke, inqubo yangempela yokufaka isicelo yohlelo lokupakisha olushintshiwe lwe-atmosphere yokudla okusha ngokuvamile idinga ukuhlanganiswa neketango elibandayo (kuncike kugesi nezinga lokushisa eliphansi) ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha bokwenziwa okuguquliwe komkhathi
Okokuqala, isihluthulelo sokubunjwa kwegesi ukugcina indawo enezinga eliphezulu le-carbon dioxide kanye nokugxila okuphansi kwe-oxygen (ngokuvamile i-1% -6%).I-oksijeni ene-concentration ephansi ingavimbela amandla okuphefumula kwezithelo nemifino ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukuphefumula kwe-anaerobic (ukuvutshelwa);high-concentration carbon dioxide (ngokuvamile 1% -12%, isipinashi, utamatisi kuze kufinyelele 20%) kungaba passivate ukuphefumula kwayo, kodwa uma isilinganiso Ukweqa izinga kuzoholela "ubuthi" kanye spoilace of plant cells, ngakho uhlelo oluthile isilinganiso kuncike ezicini zezithelo nemifino.Ukwengeza, ukuncishiswa kwezinga lokushisa lokulondoloza nakho kunenzuzo ekwehliseni ijubane lokuphefumula kwezithelo nemifino, kodwa ngokuvamile akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0 ° C;uma kungenjalo, isenzakalo "sokulimala okubandayo nokulimala okubandayo" kwezithelo nemifino nakho kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokulawula izinga lokushisa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokupakisha bokwenziwa umuntu, obushintshile bemvelo bunezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa lemvelo.Isihluthulelo sitholakala ekusebenzeni kwefilimu ekhethiwe yokuphefumula, ebonakala ngokusetshenziswa kokugcwalisa okungasebenzi.Ngokusebenzisa ukuphefumula kwezithelo nemifino kanye ne-permeation ekhethiwe (izindlela ezimbili) zamagesi ahlukene yifilimu, imvelo yangaphakathi ene-carbon dioxide kanye nokuhlushwa okuphansi komoya-mpilo kwakheka ngokuzenzakalelayo.Inqubo ethize: Ngemva kokuba ukupakishwa kuqediwe, ngenxa yokuphefumula kwezithelo nemifino, ukuhlushwa komoya-mpilo wangaphakathi kuncipha futhi ingxenye ye-carbon dioxide iyanda, ekhawulela ukuphefumula.Kamuva, lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-carbon dioxide yangaphakathi kuphezulu kakhulu, umsebenzi okhethiwe we-permeation wefilimu (ikhono layo lokungena ku-carbon dioxide izikhathi ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-10 ngaphezu kwamandla okuphefumula umoya-mpilo) uzongena ngaphakathi kwe-carbon dioxide, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. isikhathi ukungena inani elincane lomoya-mpilo wangaphandle, ukugcina ibhalansi yokuhlushwa kwezingxenye zegesi zangaphakathi ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokulondoloza ubusha.Izinto zefilimu ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni kwe-atmosphere eguquliwe kufanele zibe nesithiyo esihle segesi kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimbela umswakama ukuze kugcinwe ukwakheka okuhle nokugxilisa kwegesi ngaphakathi.Ngaphezu kwamaphuzu amabili angenhla, izidingo zokusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa izakhiwo zokuvala ukushisa (amandla aphezulu okuvalwa kokushisa kanye nokuvala ukushisa okulula ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla okuvala);vimbela ukulimala ngesikhathi senqubo);obala (okuqukethwe kungabonwa ngefilimu, ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhlola izixhumanisi nokudayiswa);okunye ukusebenza okudingekayo (ngokwezici zokudla okusha ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi impahla inazo yini izici ezifana nokumelana nowoyela nokugcinwa kwephunga) .Ukungena okukhethiwe kwezinto zokupakisha zemvelo eziguquliwe lapha kuhlobene nokuqina kwefilimu nezinga lokushisa, futhi umthetho ojwayelekile uthi
Ukufingqa, izimfuneko zokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kokupakishwa komkhathi okushintshiwe:
1) Bamba izakhiwo kanye nezinguquko zokudla okusha ngaphakathi ukuze unqume ukwakheka kwegesi nokugxila;
2) Lawula izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lokugcina ukudla;
3) Isebenza ekudleni okusha okuhlukile kanye nezakhi zegesi Izinto ezidingekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-30-2022
